Rowan Sharkawy
Bio
someone who love to know anything & share it with every one
welcome to my profile
Stories (36/0)
Why kids don’t get as cold as adults do
I love how it feels in the fall when it's 55 degrees outside and it's finally cool enough to wear my winter sweaters, sweaters, beanies and gloves. I drink pumpkin spice to warm me up. But I love the feeling of suddenly hitting 55 degrees in the middle of winter. So I left my jacket at home and walked outside in shorts and a T-shirt, feeling the warmth of the sun on my skin. I thought of going to the beach to sunbathe as the weather was very warm. The temperature was the same, but my reaction to it was completely different. One reason is that I have more stuff in my body in January than in September. This substance allows children and teenagers to deal with cold weather better than adults. When you get hot, you sweat. You are cold and shivering. But before you start shivering, your body is already working. It starts burning fat...but not the fat we think. There are two aspects of fat that we want to consider. It contains white fat. We usually think of white fat as "fat". Because it looks white it is called white. White fat is found throughout the body, protecting our bones and organs. By the way, Dr. Aaron Sepes. White fat cells have many functions, one of the most important functions being the body's energy source. We use our fat as fuel every day. However, there is one type of fat that does the opposite: brown fat. These cells are smaller, so they are more like muscle than fat. Brown fat cells are not the large lipid droplets in white fat cells, but the fibrous sacks of mitochondria. This is why it looks brown. If you remember anything from high school biology class...you know that mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell. Instead of acting as an energy reserve to be burned by organs throughout the body, brown fat uses its own energy to burn energy. Unlike white fat, it is only found in specific areas. On the neck, shoulders, upper arms. It goes down the spine and goes to some parts of the stomach. There is a lot of overlap with the main blood vessels, because heating the blood warms the whole body. Brown fat around the blood vessels in the neck warms the blood that flows to the brain. That is very good. Brown fat is stored in the shoulders, and when the blood is heated by the brown fat, it moves quickly to the heart and is pumped throughout the body. This is the first line of defense against the cold. If it is not enough to raise the body temperature...the body will shiver. But one of the craziest things I learned while researching this story was...babies can't shake. When babies are born, they don't have enough muscle mass and may not be well coordinated with the brain and muscles to vibrate properly. Therefore, they need another way to produce heat, and brown fat is one part of that. Babies are born with a lot of brown fat. According to the Cleveland Clinic, this substance makes up 2 to 5 percent of a baby's weight. This is important for our life. Brown fat age seems to occur in teenagers, which explains why so many people in my high school wore shorts in the winter. But as we age, our bodies burn less. This will help us understand why children are hotter than our parents or grandmothers are cold. Older people...have significantly less brown fat... In terms of absolute and relative quantities. It also loses muscle, which is important for heat production. But the similarities between brown fat and muscle don't end there. If you exercise, the amount of brown fat will increase. And the way you do that is by exposing yourself to the cold for long periods of time… A 2014 study showed. See how much brown fat increased in this man from Maryland after exposure to cold weather. Notice how much the ratings drop when exposed to warmer temperatures. This explains why 55 degrees in the winter is warmer than 55 degrees in the fall. However, brown fat is not just heating. Scientists have found that eating more vitamin A is associated with a lower risk of diabetes and heart disease. However, using cold therapy to study the effects of brown fat is difficult. One challenge is the difficulty of returning the heating. How much...I gave you the "big" cold. I mean, you know the temperature, but it's hard to know what you're doing, so it's hard to design reproducible research. So they tried to activate brown fat with drugs to study how heat affects us biologically. A drug called Mirabegron, which is approved to treat urinary incontinence, activates brown fat to mimic the effects of a cold. There's a lot we don't know about brown fat...but we do know that our bodies use it to adapt to cold weather. If a child doesn't want to wear a coat in the winter, it doesn't mean he's an adult. They probably have more in them than you do.
By Rowan Sharkawy8 months ago in Lifehack
What’s the smartest age?
At what age did you know best? Maybe a friendly competition day will help us understand. Tomorrow is the annual clash of brains - ten teams of two compete in ten hours of brain teasers, trivia and puzzles. I train all year round. I have to choose the most intelligent and powerful friends. I have narrowed down the list. First we have Gabriella. Even though he is only 8 years old, don't underestimate him! He is bilingual and an out-of-the-box thinker. So Amma. He can count bees to 100 digits, design satellites for a living, and make the perfect soufflé. Or I can go with Teira. He is the most competitive gamer, and it goes without saying that he has participated in over 20 Brain Clash tournaments and is a five-time winner! I don't know who to choose! Who knows best? Which teammate should Amir choose for tomorrow's match? Why? Of course it depends on the situation. Although intelligence is often associated with things like IQ tests, these assessments do not capture the range and depth of a person's various abilities.
By Rowan Sharkawy8 months ago in Education
Which is better for you: "Real" meat or "fake" meat?
In 2021, a survey of more than 1,000 Americans found that nearly two-thirds had eaten some form of plant-based food in the past year. Many cited the health and environmental benefits as motivation. But are these types of foods better for us and the planet? First, let's introduce the contestants. Meat from slaughtered animals, called forage, has a complex structure consisting of muscle fibers, connective tissue, and fat. You may recognize it from its role in the human diet, dating back to the origins of our species. Our next challengers are the plant-based varieties, which look and taste like meat, but are made from protein, carbohydrates, fats and other plant molecules. Converting plant molecules into something flesh-like takes a lot of effort. The grain of beef is made up of long, stick-like proteins. To model this structure, global proteins can be pushed through an extruder and forced to unravel and join together into long filaments. To mimic animal fats, companies combine fats and oils derived from plants. One popular brand adds colored beet juice that changes the color of the patty as it cooks. Others added an iron molecule called heme, which their team says is key to the food's flavor. There are many types of results. Finally, our final ingredient: lab-grown beef. Also known as stem-cell and cultured beef, these products start with animal stem cells that researchers force to reproduce and build muscle. It should be noted that most lab-grown beef is still in the development phase, so the exact process may vary when it is produced on a larger commercial scale. So which type of meat or similar meat is best for your health? Raised beef is an important source of many proteins and human nutrients. But researchers also found a link between red and processed foods and health problems such as type 2 diabetes and heart disease. A 2012 study concluded that replacing red meat with other foods, such as chicken, beans or peas, in one meal a day reduced the risk of heart disease. by 7 to 19 percent. There is too little data to know if replacing red meat with plant-based bread has the same effect. Plant-grown beef, while having the same amount of protein, calories and iron as farmed beef, is highly processed meat that is high in sodium. Most of them are in coconut oil, which is high in saturated fat and, like red meat, increases the risk of heart disease. At the same time, lab-grown beef can provide the same nutritional benefits and health risks as farmed meat. But we are not sure how to progress product development. So which competitor is better for the environment? The livestock industry is estimated to be responsible for 14.5% of human greenhouse gas emissions. Researchers report that producing plant-based foods produces an average of 90% less greenhouse gas emissions than beef, 63% less than pork, and 51% less less than a chicken. Plant-based crops require less land and water than conventional crops. It produces very little of the pollutants that run off from farms and waterways, posing a threat to the environment and public health. For lab-grown beef, the industry currently harvests stem cells from animal muscle tissue. But in order to increase the production, how many animals are needed to make these biodiesel? It is not clear to what extent alternative foods will reduce the environmental impact of the farmed food industry. What if, instead of replacing food with others, people continued to eat large amounts of organic foods while eating new options? While there's no real way to know which is the best diet, if you're concerned about your personal impact on animal welfare, public health, and the environment, plant-based foods may be at the top of the list. Switching to a different diet is not an all-or-nothing decision. In fact, a 2022 study suggested that cutting red meat to just one serving per day could reduce a person's dietary carbon footprint by 48%.
By Rowan Sharkawy8 months ago in Lifehack
How to do ACTIVE RECALL Effectively?
when you are reading notes only a small fraction of the data are registered in the memory the rest will vanish even before you close the book if you were using passive learning methods like reading notes summarizing highlighting or listening to lectures or podcasts this video is exactly for you in this video you'll learn how active recall builds a strong memory and the exact methods i used in medical school to get great results i also have a challenge for you take a piece of paper and create a short note from this video at the end of the video i will test the strength of your passive note-taking what is active recall this is mark and he's reading some notes some of his brain areas seem to be highly active the occipital cortex creates images of what he sees but the interpretation of written word is done by the angular gyrus and the fusiform cortex after the analysis data are sent to the hippocampus to store as memory you can stimulate muscle growth by doing exercises similarly the best way to develop a strong memory is by stimulating the hippocampus how do you do that the answer is active recall reading notes will stimulate visual areas of the brain but the hippocampus will not be effectively stimulating that is why re-reading is inferior to active recall so how can mark stimulate his hippocampus he should close the book and try to recall what he learned this time he is recalling not from the book but from the hippocampus this will stimulate the hippocampus and strengthen his memory every time you do this the memory will become even more powerful how to do active recall effectively method number one create questions first learn the concepts from your resources and write down your notes then create a list of questions based on those notes each time you study try to answer these questions without looking at the notes if you can answer them well bravo you have created a strong memory otherwise study the notes again and have another go at the questions you can also create flashcards with questions on the front and the answers on the back method number two use the spaced repetition tool like anki anki is a flash card app where you can enter the questions on the front and answers on the back the smart thing about anki is that it is based on spaced repetition it will show you the same set of questions in increasing time intervals that means you have to recall the notes today then three days later then seven days later and so on this is the ultimate study technique since you are incorporating spaced repetition and active recall together method number three utilize multiple sensory pathways for active recall let me explain don't just recall using your mind i always recall writing on a whiteboard or speaking out loud sometimes i pretend to teach the concepts to a group of imaginary students this way my brain gets stimulated through multiple sensory pathways method number four do practice questions when you are taking questions you are recalling information from the memory so it is a form of active recall on the other hand this will test your understanding of the concepts you will also learn to recall information under stress like in an actual exam if you watched until this moment it's time for the challenge i'll ask some questions from this video don't look at your notes try to recall them from the memory and realize how ineffective passive learning is you can find the answers in the description [Music]
By Rowan Sharkawy8 months ago in 01
The strangest summer in recorded history
It is now April 10, 1815, and the day will soon be gone. The rumble of the eruption of Mount Tambora on an island off the coast of Indonesia can now be heard more than 2,000 kilometers away. Plumes of sulfurous fumes and ash shot thousands of meters into the sky, creating a dark storm cloud of spray and lightning. The eruption was the largest on record, but the impact was just beginning. Tambora rose into the air and spread across the globe, blocking the sun for an entire year. The dark and cold weather of 1816 had a devastating effect on agriculture, and famine spread across the northern hemisphere. As countries battle the pandemic, artists are hailing this seemingly apocalyptic era. It was a year without a summer—one of the darkest periods in human history.
By Rowan Sharkawy8 months ago in 01
Why your phone battery gets worse over time
A drop of gasoline, a lighter, and a battery can store energy, but only the battery can be recycled when it runs out of energy. Because, chemically, used batteries are no different from new batteries. Most of the batteries we use today work because some metals like to give up electrons and other metals like to take them. For example, in a lead-acid battery, the zinc metal reacts with the saturated ions, turning it into zinc oxide, which releases electrons to the negative terminal.
By Rowan Sharkawy8 months ago in Lifehack
Food expiration dates don’t mean what you think
How much of the food in the refrigerator gets thrown away before it gets to the table? Burgers from last summer's picnic? Is milk past its shelf life? Do carrots lose their elasticity? Countries around the world throw away a lot of food every year, and America is one of the most wasteful countries. 37% of food waste in America comes from households. About 20% of food is thrown away because consumers are not sure how to interpret the date on the label. However, most foods are still safe to eat. So, if the dates in the food do not show us that something is bad, what do they tell us? Before the 20th century, there was a more direct line between where the food was made and where it was eaten, and most people knew how to judge freshness by sight, smell and taste.
By Rowan Sharkawy8 months ago in Education
Volcanic eruption explained
In February 1942, Mexican farmer Dionisio Pulido remembered hearing thunder coming from his cornfield. However, this voice did not come from heaven. The spring is a large, smoky crater that emits gas and emits rock. The eruption became known as Palicutin, and over the next nine years, lava and ash covered an area of more than 200 square kilometers. But where did this new volcano come from, and what caused the sudden eruption? The story of a volcano starts with magma. Usually, these lavas form in areas where seawater can penetrate the mantle and reduce the melting of the mantle. Magma usually remains under the Earth's surface due to the balance of the three terrestrial elements. The first is lithostatic pressure. This is the weight of the Earth's crust pressing down on the magma below. Magma is pushed through the second factor (magmastatic pressure). The argument between these forces comes down to a third factor: the strength of the rocks in the Earth's crust.
By Rowan Sharkawy8 months ago in Earth
Ancient Rome
- [Narrator] The story of ancient Rome is a story of evolution, and the world's ability to adapt and survive for over 1,000 years. Rome began as a small village on the Tiber River in central Italy. Over the next few centuries, the country grew into an empire stretching from the North Pacific to the Persian Gulf. During this transition, Rome demonstrated political, military, and cultural power that became a great power and helped shape the Western world. The history of ancient Rome can be divided into three main periods: the imperial period, the republican period, and the imperial period. During the Imperial period, Rome was a monarchy, ruled by seven kings. According to legend, the first king of Rome was a man named Romulus. He and his twin brother Remus are said to have founded Rome in 753 BC. In 509 BC, Rome adopted a republican form of government, in which the country was governed by two annual representatives, known as orators and later orators. One of them was the famous general and diplomat Julius Caesar. Next is the Imperial period. It was marked by the rise of the Roman Empire and famous leaders such as Octavian, the first Roman emperor, who came to the throne in peacetime, and Nero, who was made the some scholars are the most corrupt emperors of Rome. Rome's importance and pride in its soldiers was essential to the development of its world, a need that was evident from the beginning of the Empire when Rome was a small village. Despite this, Rome conquered its neighboring countries. In the end, this rapid growth reached the Roman rule in the Italian peninsula and the entire Mediterranean, where they conquered Greece, Egypt and Carthage. Later Rome helped the military conquer territories as far as England and Iraq. The sheer size and growing population required advances in Roman technology. Aqueducts were built, increasing people's access to water, helping to improve public health and paving the way for the famous Roman baths. A 50,000 mile road system was also built. Although originally designed for the military, it facilitated the movement of people and ideas throughout the empire. The spread of ideas and increased contact with different cultures allowed other aspects of Roman culture to develop. The key to Rome's success and longevity was the empire's acceptance of the cultures of the regions it conquered. Rome received Latin from the neighboring country of Latium, where it became the official language of the kingdom and the ancestor of the Romance languages of Europe. The Romans also absorbed the culture of the ancient Etruscan states, including religion, the alphabet, and aspects of gladiatorial combat. However, no other nation was as powerful as the ancient Greeks. Their influence can be seen in Roman art and architecture. The Roman upper class commissioned paintings and statues modeled after Greek art. Greek architectural styles, such as columns, were used in Roman buildings such as the Pantheon and the Colosseum. The rise of Christianity was a cultural change that had great influence throughout the empire. This religion originated in the Middle East and received strong support from Constantine I, the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity. He transformed Rome into a Christian state and encouraged the spread of the religion throughout Europe. In the fourth century, the Roman Empire fell after more than a thousand years of existence. Factors such as political corruption, economic crises, and class wars caused empires to collapse from within, while invasion and other military threats caused empires to collapse from without. Rome's ability to unite diverse cultures, dominate its rivals, and tailor its political system to the needs of its people is a lesson to be learned forever.
By Rowan Sharkawy8 months ago in 01
Titanic
- [Narrator] The turn of the 20th century saw a golden age of industry and prosperity in many Western countries. One aspect of this era came to epitomize its grandeur and ultimately its downfall, the Titanic. Commissioned by the British shipping company, White Star Line, the Titanic was created to satiate demand for luxury travel between Europe and North America. The ship's construction began in March 1909 in Belfast, Ireland. By the time it was sent to England for provisions, Titanic was one of the largest ships of its time. It was about 92 feet wide and 882.5 feet long, the length of nearly three football fields. With a height of about 175 feet, the ship above water was taller than most buildings. The Titanic also included new safety features such as 16 compartments designed to prevent the hull from flooding. This caused many to believe that the ship was unsinkable. Such confidence led to the unfortunate decision to cut the number of lifeboats on board in half in order to make the deck look clean and elegant. On April 10, 1912, Titanic left port in Southampton, England and embarked on its first and last voyage. It first stopped over in France and Ireland and by the time it set out on a long stretch of sea toward New York City, it had about 2,200 people on board. Unbeknownst to all, misfortune would arise just a few days into their voyage. On April 14 at approximately 9:40 and 10:55 p.m. Warnings were send to the Titanic's radio operators of ice fields but they were never relayed to the bridge. At about 11:40 p.m. nearly 500 miles off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada, lookout crew on the Titanic spotted an iceberg in the ship's path and sent word to the bridge, but it was too late. The iceberg grazed the right side of the ship causing its compartments, originally deemed watertight, to fill with water. Titanic's radio operators began sending out distress signals. At 12:20 a.m. one signal reached the ship Carpathia which began making its way to the Titanic at maximum speed. Around the same time, crew began loading women and children into the few lifeboats on board. In addition to the shortage of lifeboats, some of the ones used were not being filled to capacity stranding even more people on the sinking ship. For the next two hours, the front compartments of the Titanic filled with water causing the bow to sink and the stern to rise out of the water. At around 2:18 a.m., the ship snapped into two. The bow sank first followed by the stern a couple minutes later. Those who went down with the ship were left in the freezing waters. Over an hour later, at about 3:30 a.m., the Carpathia arrived to pick up passengers. Of the 2,200 people on the Titanic, only 705 survived. Soon after the disaster, both the United States and Great Britain conducted investigations and developed new safety measures for ships. They required ships to maintain a 24-hour radio watch and have enough lifeboats for all on board. They also helped establish the International Ice Patrol which monitors icebergs in the North Atlantic and warn ships of potential dangers. For decades Titanic was lost to the sea existing only as a ghost from a decadent past. In 1985, nearly 75 years after the ship sank a team led by National Geographic explorer-at-large, Bob Ballard, discovered the shipwreck off the coast of Canada. Little by little scientists have reconstructed the ship and its encounter with the iceberg giving us a better understanding of what exactly happened on that fateful day.
By Rowan Sharkawy8 months ago in 01
Ancient Egypt
the ancient egyptian civilization lasted for over 3 000 years and became one of the most powerful and iconic civilizations in history at its height ancient egypt's empire stretched as far north as modern-day syria and as far south as today's sudan but long before it was an empire ancient egypt was a series of small independent city-states that bloomed along north africa's nile river the city-states were divided into two regions and named according to the flow of the nile upper egypt in the south which was upstream and lower egypt in the north which was downstream by about 3100 bc the two halves united thereby creating one egyptian state that lasted for millennia the reign of the civilization can be divided into three major periods of prosperity called the old middle and new kingdoms and two periods of instability in between called the first and second intermediate periods guiding the egyptian people was a succession of about 300 rulers often referred to as pharaohs pharaoh which means great house in egyptian was never the ruler's formal title it only became synonymous with the ruling individual in modern times thanks to its use in the hebrew bible these rulers who were not always men nor egyptian were considered protectors of the people and served as divine liaisons between humanity and the hundreds of gods they worshipped after the rulers passed away ancient egyptians believed they then became gods to prepare their journey into the afterlife the rulers constructed elaborate tombs including the great pyramids at giza and underground mausoleums in the valley of the kings rulers filled their tombs with all the items they could need in the afterlife including gold jewelry food drink and even pets preparing for this journey to the gods also involved mummifying one's body the deceased's corpse was embalmed wrapped in hundreds of yards of linen and placed inside the tomb so the body could be reanimated in the afterlife to this day structures like the great pyramids are a testament to the role of religion in ancient egyptians lives but they also represent the innovative and cultural might of the egyptian people innovations in mathematics and written language in particular propelled their civilization to success math specifically measurement mathematics helped egyptians understand and harness their world with numbers like no other civilization had before they developed a new form of measurement called the qubit it was used to design massive structures such as the great pyramid with remarkable geometrical precision the egyptians also measured time by combining mathematics with astronomy they established a 24-hour division to the day and created a solar calendar which was the first dating system in history to feature 365 days in one year lastly egyptians developed methods to measure and survey land around the nile river these civil engineering feats made way for the construction of dams canals and irrigation systems that helped farming and agriculture to flourish in the nile valley in addition to mathematical concepts the ancient egyptians also created written languages to describe the world around them the oldest and probably most well-known of these is hieroglyphic writing this system was developed around 3150 bc during the old kingdom and has over 700 pictorial characters it was used to inscribe monuments and pottery and predominantly served a decorative or ceremonial purpose soon after another ancient form of writing called hieratic developed out of the hieroglyphic system it was a form of cursive that was written in ink and served a more functional purpose unlike its more formal predecessor hieratic was written on another ancient egyptian innovation papyrus papyrus was a type of paper derived from the papyrus plant which grew plentifully along the nile river this medium gave the ancient egyptians a new avenue of communication and record keeping that allowed their civilization's administrative skill to grow and their culture to spread for thousands of years as with all great empires ancient egypt came to an end it was eventually conquered after a series of invasions including those by the persian empire in the 4th century bc and the roman empire around 30 bc not many civilizations can claim a lifespan of over 3000 years let alone one that made vast cultural contributions that still resonate in modern times ancient egypt with its linguistic and mathematical innovations spirituality and religion and extensive political and military might set a high standard for all civilizations that followed [Music] you
By Rowan Sharkawy8 months ago in 01
The world’s most mysterious book
Yale University's Beinecke Library and Manuscript Library houses a 240-page book. The new carbon copy, from around 1420, has vellum pages with hand-drawn circles and hand-drawn illustrations that seem stolen from a dream. Real and imaginary plants, haunted houses, bathing women, star charts, zodiac signs, suns and moons and faces are all over the text. The 24x16 cm book, known as the Voynich Manuscript, is one of the greatest mysteries in history. The reason? No one knew what he was saying. The name comes from the Polish bookseller Wilfrid Voynich, who discovered writing in 1912 at a Jesuit university in Italy. He was confused. Who wrote it? Where is it made? What do these different words and vivid images represent? What secrets lie within its pages? He bought the books from a priest of the school of finance and brought them to the United States of America, where scholars have been studying for more than a century. Cryptozoologists say that the writing contains all the features of a real language, only one of which has never been seen before. What is true is that, in real languages, letters and groups of letters appear with constant frequency, but the language in the Voynich text is a pattern that cannot be found in various generators. random. Besides, all we know is what we see. The letters vary in shape and height. Some borrow from other texts, but many are unique. The higher letters give the name of the hanging shape. The whole text is beautifully decorated, like a scroll decoration. It seems that two or more people wrote it, while someone else did the painting. Over the years, three main theories have emerged about the text of the text. First, it is written in cipher, a cipher designed to hide the secret meaning. Second, the article is a scam written to make money from scammers. Some suggested that the author was a medieval impostor. Some believe it was Voynich himself. A third theory is that the text is written in the original language, but in an unknown script. Perhaps medieval scholars were trying to create an alphabet for a spoken but unwritten language. In this respect, the Voynich Manuscript may be similar to the Longorongo manuscript found on Easter Island, which is now unreadable due to cultural collapse. Although no one was able to read the Voynich manuscripts, that didn't stop people from thinking about what was written in them. Those who believe that the text represents an attempt to create a new form of literary language suggest that the text may have been an encyclopedia containing knowledge of the culture that produced it. Some believe that it was the 13th century scholar Roger Bacon, who sought to understand the rules of universal grammar; or John Dee, the Elizabethan magician of the 16th century, who practiced sorcery and witchcraft. Other fringe theories suggest that the book was written by a group of Italian magicians, even Martians. After a century of confusion, scientists finally solved the mystery. The first breakthrough is carbon dioxide. Furthermore, modern historians date the documents to Rome and Prague in 1612, when they were given to the Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II in his ' by doctor Jacobus Sennapius (Jacobus Sinapius). In addition to this previous stage, linguistic researchers have also considered defining certain words in the text. Could the letters next to these seven stars spell Tauran (the name of the constellation Taurus), a constellation containing seven stars called the Pleiades? Could this word be Centaurun for the Centaurea plant in the picture? Maybe, but progress is slow. If we could crack the code, what would we find? The dream diary of a 15th century painter? Don't you? Or is knowledge lost from a forgotten culture? What do you think?
By Rowan Sharkawy8 months ago in 01