Literature

What Makes Something Literary?

The question of what makes a text literary has been debated by scholars and critics for centuries. While there is no straightforward answer, literary critics approach this question in different ways. In this article, we will explore the three big factors that determine what makes a text literary.

Literature with a capital L vs. literature with a small l

The term "literature" originates from Latin and means "the use of letters" or "writing." However, when it entered Romance languages, it took on an additional meaning - "knowledge acquired from reading or studying books." This definition suggests that literary texts provide knowledge and are worth studying. But what texts are worth studying?

Canonicity

One way to determine literary texts is through canonicity. A work becomes canonical when cultural institutions like schools, universities, or prize committees classify it as a work of lasting artistic or cultural merit. However, this approach has its problems. The Western canon has traditionally been dominated by white males, and inclusion in the canon does not guarantee lasting value.

Descriptive Definition

Another approach is a descriptive definition - "if you love it, then it's Literature!" However, this definition is too subjective and doesn't account for the historical context of emotional attachment to books.

Intrinsic Qualities

According to critic Derek Attridge, modern Western Literature is defined by three qualities:

1. Invention or inventiveness in the text
2. The reader's sense of the writer's unique vision
3. A sense of 'otherness' that pushes the reader to see the world differently

These qualities focus on the text's style and construction rather than substance, suggesting that Literature can be about anything.

Irony and Defamiliarization

Some critics argue that irony and defamiliarization are essential to literary texts. Irony requires attentive reading, while defamiliarization forces readers to see the world differently.

Roland Barthes' Definition

Literary theorist Roland Barthes defines Literature as texts that offer more and different experiences than ordinary texts. Literature is neither entirely subjective nor reducible to intrinsic characteristics.

Three Interrelated Factors

What counts as Literature depends on three interrelated factors:

1. The world (expectations and cultural context)
2. The text (presentation and style)
3. The critic or reader (receptivity and interpretation)
4. Literature has the power to shape our brains in profound ways. Research has shown that reading literary fiction can:

- Increase empathy and understanding of others' perspectives
- Enhance cognitive function and memory
- Develop critical thinking and analytical skills
- Improve emotional intelligence and self-awareness
- Expand vocabulary and language skills
- Foster creativity and imagination
- Provide a sense of connection and community
- Offer a unique window into different cultures and experiences
- Support personal growth and self-reflection
- Even rewire our brains to think more critically and creatively!

By engaging with literature, we can reshape our brains and broaden our understanding of the world and ourselves. So, keep reading and let literature shape your brain!
Literature has played a vital role in the development of civilizations throughout history. It has:

1. Preserved cultural heritage: Literature has helped preserve cultural traditions, myths, and legends, passing them down to future generations.

2. Shaped values and beliefs: Literary works have influenced moral and ethical values, shaping the way people think and behave.

3. Recorded history: Literary accounts have served as historical records, providing insights into past events and societies.

4. Fostered empathy and understanding: Literature has promoted cross-cultural understanding, encouraging empathy and tolerance.

5. Inspired innovation: Literary works have inspired scientific, artistic, and technological advancements.

6. Provided a platform for social commentary: Literature has been used to critique social injustices, sparking reforms and progress.

7. Encouraged critical thinking: Literary analysis has developed critical thinking skills, essential for informed decision-making.

8. Supported language development: Literature has contributed to language evolution, enriching vocabulary and communication.

9. Provided a means of escapism: Literature has offered a healthy escape from the stresses of everyday life, promoting mental well-being.

10. United people across time and space: Literature has created a shared cultural experience, connecting people across centuries and geographies.

In conclusion, literature has been a driving force in the development of civilizations, shaping cultures, values, and beliefs, while inspiring innovation and progress.

Conclusion

While there is no definitive answer to what makes something literary, these factors highlight the complexity of the question. The only way to experience Literature is to keep reading, and as long as there are avid readers, literary texts will continue to challenge, excite, and inspire us.